Supervisor And Principal Investigator
Dr. Maher Abdel-Latife Rashed, Ph.D.
Health Care Services
Dr. Maher Rashed
Child Health Care Project
Integrated Child Health Care “Abstract”
National And International Scope Of Child Health Care
Child health care organizations
Child Care Centers
Child Health Care of the Future
Integrated Primary Child Health Care
“Abstract”
By Dr. Maher Rashed, PhD
Children are our nation's most valuable resource and are the leaders of tomorrow.
The health problems of children vary widely among the nations of the world depending on a number of factors, which are often interrelated.
Health and illness for these children are the result of a complex dynamic of environmental, social, political, and economic factors.
From the other hand, integrated elements for child health care success was reported in the United States as a result of a combination of social and economic changes, advances in therapeutic medicine and surgery, and implementation of public health measures, including preventive pediatrics.
From the same point of view, community pediatric services were summarized as follows: Child protection – Adoption and fostering –Assessment medicine – Educational medicine – Specialist immunization advice –Audiology – Vision assessment – Behavioral pediatrics – Child public health – Teaching – Social pediatrics. So, a new type of consultant, the community pediatrician, with a special interest in developmental, social, and educational pediatrics was recommended.
Fields of Development and Growth varies as neuro-developmental processes, Cognitive growth and development and psychological development. So, the spectrum of developmental disabilities includes intellectual deficits, motor dysfunction, certain behavioral disorders, and special sensory deficits that are caused by static (that is, non progressive) central nervous system damage or dysfunction.
Family-centered care was recommended as it places the family, rather than the hospital and staff, at the center of the child health care strategy especially those with special health care needs.
Other aspect of child health care for preschool children was reported. Long-term follow-up shows that school-aged children who experienced preschool educational intervention (primarily center-based) showed greater satisfaction with school.
Also, it has been concluded that children with child care experience have been found to be more sociable, more self-confident, more involved in activities with peers, and less timid.
In complementary, a 1990 study found that eighth-graders left home alone after school reported greater use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana than those who were in adult-supervised settings. So good after-school programs and activities for children and teens were strongly recommended.
In general, the first item of the established 10 precepts for the definition of primary care reported by the Declaration of Alma Ata (the 1978 Alma Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care) has stated that “Health is a state of complete well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”. So, Primary, secondary or tertiary prevention must be considered a constant, ongoing process rather than an episodic one.
However, essentials for organizing a health services center were reported. Also health team providers and health team concept in child health care was described.
===========
========
=====
National And International Scope Of
Child Health Care
By Dr. Maher Rashed, PhD
# The nation as a whole must demonstrate that children and family are a national priority.
# Our country has to join all other developed nations and establish a national policy of child health care.
# Ideal concepts of health should be established as:
“Health is a state of complete well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
“Growth assessment is an essential component of pediatric health surveillance.”
“The spectrum of developmental disabilities includes intellectual deficits, motor dysfunction, certain behavioral disorders, and special sensory deficits.”
# Individuals' health should permit socially and economically productive lives.
# Standards for child health care must be established that regulate not only health and safety but also characteristics that determine quality and abroad of child health care.
# Adequate resources must be made available to ensure that the standards for quality health care are applied uniformly.
# Government, insurance and parents should share the cost of child health care.
# People have the right to participate in their own health care.
# The salaries of child health care staff should be proportionate to their responsibility and aim of providing high-quality consistent care to future generations.
Child Health Care Organizations
By Dr. Maher Rashed, PhD
# Guidelines for ideal child health care must be well established.
# Primary health care as well as community pediatric services should be available.
# The community pediatrician, with a special interest in developmental, social, and educational pediatrics should also be recognized.
# Recognition that the family is the constant in the child's life while the service systems and personnel within those systems fluctuate.
# Implementation of appropriate policies and programs that are comprehensive and provide emotional and financial support to meet the needs of families.
# Assurance that the design of health care delivery systems is flexible, accessible, and responsive to family needs.
# Care should be provided in special clinic as well as in home or health center.
Child Care Centers
By Dr. Maher Rashed, PhD
# Good quality childcare has to be encouraged and must be inexpensive.
# Childcare centers should consider staff-to-child ratios, the group size, the training of the staff and facilities. Also, programs and that adequate space are available.
# All types of child care, including family day care and church and/or mosque-operated nonprofit day care, should be uniformly regulated and become a portion of a specific child health care center.
# It is helpful to provide advice to parents regarding quality of childcare so
that the child is assured of the best quality care available.
==================
==========
====
Child Health Care of the Future
By Dr. Maher Rashed, PhD
# Innovative partnerships bring together public, private and voluntary organizations.
# Service quality is sustained through tightly managed franchises.
# We hope more support of healthcare reforms all over the world, including the goal of universal health insurance coverage for all people.
# We need to correct access problems in the current systems.
# We need to create a competitive atmosphere that rewards the delivery of high quality care at a reasonable price.
# Insurance reforms should include portability, a movement toward community rating, a ban on exclusions for pre-existing conditions, and a requirement for insurers to cover all applicants.
# Low-income peoples should receive sliding scale subsidies to help purchase insurance (either through a tax credit or voucher system).
# We should require all certified health plans to offer a defined, minimum, standard benefit package.
# It's important not to underestimate the desire of individuals for freedom of choice in matters of health care, as they define it. The government should establish voluntary purchasing pools to allow small businesses and individuals to join in purchasing insurance at community rates.
# All parts of the healthcare system should equitably share the costs of societal benefits provided at academic medical centers, including research, education, and unreimbursed care (which will remain a need under any plan).
# Health plans and providers should have uniform data collection requirements, focused on the minimum data necessary to allow consumers (employer and individuals) to make informed choices of health insurance
# While the current health system is flawed and needs reform, we must make every effort not to make it worse. We should avoid regulatory health alliances and limits on patient choice of plans or the number of plans offered, including fee-for-service plans or those offering "point-of-service" options.
# We also recommend avoiding price controls (in the form of global budgets, premium caps, or fee schedules) or financing health care with further cuts in medicare payment rates.
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية المتكامل للطفل
إعداد الدكتور/ ماهر عبد اللطيف راشد
يشرفنى أن أتقدم بعرض "مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية المتكاملة للطفل" ، والذى يهدف إلى الارتقاء بالخدمات الصحية إلى أعلى المستويات عالميا. وذلك من خلال بناء استراتيجية فعالة لتنمية وإزدهار القطاع الصحي ومراعاة جودة خدمات الرعاية الصحية الأولية , وكذلك تدعيما للطفرات المتلاحقة فى مجال رعاية الطفولة محليا وعالميا.
ويسعى مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية المتكاملة للطفل إلى البناء الأمثل للإنسان فى مختلف جوانب نموه البدنية والنفسية والسلوكية والاجتماعية واللغوية ، ويعتبر هذا المشروع هو الجانب التطبيقي لاتفاقية حقوق الطفل فى محاولة لاتخاذ الإجراءات الكفيلة بحق كل طفل فى البقاء والتعليم والصحة داخل الأسرة والمدرسة والمجتمع وكذلك حقه فى الحماية والمشاركة.
هذا ويمثل مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية المتكاملة للطفل الجانب التطبيقي لاتفاقية حقوق الطفل فى محاولة لاتخاذ الإجراءات الكفيلة بحق كل طفل فى البقاء والتعليم والصحة داخل الأسرة والمدرسة والمجتمع وكذلك حقه فى الحماية والمشاركة. وقد تم قامت استراتيجية المشروع على الأسس التالية:
(أ) توفير المناخ المناسب لكل طفل من اجل البقاء والنماء على أفضل وجه ولأقصى درجة ممكنة فى جميع مناحى حياته البدنية والعاطفية والنفسية والاجتماعية والإدراكية والثقافية.
(ب) المساواة بين الأطفال لتشمل الرعاية كافة الأطفال بدون استثناء مع تخصيص برامج لذوى الإعاقات أو ذوى الحاجات الخاصة.
(ج) فتح قنوات الاتصال مع كافة الجهات والأفراد المعنيين بشئون الطفل ، وذلك من اجل مراعاة مصالح الطفل الفضلى سواءا على مستوى الفرد أو المجموعة فى جميع القرارات التى تمس الطفل.
(د) المشاركة الفاعلة للأطفال فى جميع الأمور التى تمس حياتهم وذلك من خلال الرعاية النفسية والاجتماعية للطفل ولأسرته.
وحيث أن مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية المتكاملة للطفل يتسم بالشمولية والتكاملية فهو مشروع قومى يسعى للنهوض والارتقاء بالإنسان من خلال مراعاة حقوقه صحيا و تعليميا و اجتماعيا وثقافيا ومدنيا واقتصاديا وسياسيا… وأرجو أن يتم تطبيق المشروع ليشمل كافة أبناء الوطن العربى ، عسى أن يؤدى إلى تحقيق الأهداف التالية:
(1) امتداد شبكة الرعاية لتشمل كافة أنحاء الوطن العربى.
(2) توحيد مستويات الرعاية بين كافة أقطار الوطن العربى.
(3) خطوة نحو توحيد مناهج التعليم ومعادلة الشهادات العلمية تمهيدا لأقصى استفادة ممكنة من الموارد البشرية العربية.
(4) تعميق التآلف بين مختلف أطفال وأفراد الأقطار العربية.
(5) إزكاء لروح القومية العربية.
(6) تمهيد لتنمية عربية شاملة.
(7) بادرة لوحدة الصف العربى أو على الأقل وحدة الفكر العربى عبر الأجيال القادمة.
ملحوظة: تم إعداد خطة عمل مشروع الرعاية الصحية الأولية باللغتين الإنجليزية والعربية فى حوالي 35 صفحة -مرفق طيه- بالإضافة إلى مرجع تفصيلى فى حوالي 240 صفحة باللغة الإنجليزية.
دكتور/ ماهر عبد اللطيف راشد